Next: Constructing Calls, Previous: Nested Functions, Up: C Extensions

### 6.5 Nonlocal Gotos

GCC provides the built-in functions `__builtin_setjmp` and `__builtin_longjmp` which are similar to, but not interchangeable with, the C library functions `setjmp` and `longjmp`. The built-in versions are used internally by GCC's libraries to implement exception handling on some targets. You should use the standard C library functions declared in `<setjmp.h>` in user code instead of the builtins.

The built-in versions of these functions use GCC's normal mechanisms to save and restore registers using the stack on function entry and exit. The jump buffer argument buf holds only the information needed to restore the stack frame, rather than the entire set of saved register values.

An important caveat is that GCC arranges to save and restore only those registers known to the specific architecture variant being compiled for. This can make `__builtin_setjmp` and `__builtin_longjmp` more efficient than their library counterparts in some cases, but it can also cause incorrect and mysterious behavior when mixing with code that uses the full register set.

You should declare the jump buffer argument buf to the built-in functions as:

         #include <stdint.h>
         intptr_t buf[5];

— Built-in Function: int __builtin_setjmp (intptr_t *buf)

> This function saves the current stack context in buf. `__builtin_setjmp` returns 0 when returning directly, and 1 when returning from `__builtin_longjmp` using the same buf.

— Built-in Function: void __builtin_longjmp (intptr_t *buf, int val)

> This function restores the stack context in buf, saved by a previous call to `__builtin_setjmp`. After `__builtin_longjmp` is finished, the program resumes execution as if the matching `__builtin_setjmp` returns the value val, which must be 1.

> Because `__builtin_longjmp` depends on the function return mechanism to restore the stack context, it cannot be called from the same function calling `__builtin_setjmp` to initialize buf. It can only be called from a function called (directly or indirectly) from the function calling `__builtin_setjmp`.