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LDR (register)

Load Register (register) calculates an address from a base register value and an offset register value, loads a word from memory, and writes it to a register. The offset register value can optionally be shifted. For information about memory accesses, see Memory accesses.

The T32 form of LDR (register) does not support register writeback.

It has encodings from the following instruction sets: A32 ( A1 ) and T32 ( T1 and T2 ) .

A1

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
!= 1111011PU0W1RnRtimm5stype0Rm
cond

Offset (P == 1 && W == 0)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [<Rn>, {+/-}<Rm>{, <shift>}]

Post-indexed (P == 0 && W == 0)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [<Rn>], {+/-}<Rm>{, <shift>}

Pre-indexed (P == 1 && W == 1)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [<Rn>, {+/-}<Rm>{, <shift>}]!

if P == '0' && W == '1' then SEE "LDRT";
t = UInt(Rt);  n = UInt(Rn);  m = UInt(Rm);
index = (P == '1');  add = (U == '1');  wback = (P == '0') || (W == '1');
(shift_t, shift_n) = DecodeImmShift(stype, imm5);
if m == 15 then UNPREDICTABLE;
if wback && (n == 15 || n == t) then UNPREDICTABLE;

CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE behavior

If wback && n == t, then one of the following behaviors must occur:

  • The instruction is undefined.
  • The instruction executes as NOP.
  • The instruction performs all of the loads using the specified addressing mode and the content of the register that is written back is unknown. In addition, if an exception occurs during such as instruction, the base address might be corrupted so that the instruction cannot be repeated.

T1

1514131211109876543210
0101100RmRnRt

T1

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [<Rn>, {+}<Rm>]

t = UInt(Rt);  n = UInt(Rn);  m = UInt(Rm);
(shift_t, shift_n) = (SRType_LSL, 0);

T2

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
111110000101!= 1111Rt000000imm2Rm
Rn

T2

LDR{<c>}.W <Rt>, [<Rn>, {+}<Rm>] // (<Rt>, <Rn>, <Rm> can be represented in T1)

LDR{<c>}{<q>} <Rt>, [<Rn>, {+}<Rm>{, LSL #<imm>}]

if Rn == '1111' then SEE "LDR (literal)";
t = UInt(Rt);  n = UInt(Rn);  m = UInt(Rm);
(shift_t, shift_n) = (SRType_LSL, UInt(imm2));
if m == 15 then UNPREDICTABLE; // Armv8-A removes UNPREDICTABLE for R13
if t == 15 && InITBlock() && !LastInITBlock() then UNPREDICTABLE;

For more information about the constrained unpredictable behavior of this instruction, see Architectural Constraints on UNPREDICTABLE behaviors.

Assembler Symbols

<c>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<q>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<Rt>

For encoding A1: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field. The PC can be used. If the PC is used, the instruction branches to the address (data) loaded to the PC. This branch is an interworking branch, see Pseudocode description of operations on the AArch32 general-purpose registers and the PC.

For encoding T1: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field.

For encoding T2: is the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field. The PC can be used, provided the instruction is either outside an IT block or the last instruction of an IT block. If the PC is used, the instruction branches to the address (data) loaded to the PC. This is an interworking branch, see Pseudocode description of operations on the AArch32 general-purpose registers and the PC.

<Rn>

For encoding A1: is the general-purpose base register, encoded in the "Rn" field. The PC can be used in the offset variant.

For encoding T1 and T2: is the general-purpose base register, encoded in the "Rn" field.

+/- Specifies the index register is added to or subtracted from the base register, defaulting to + if omitted and encoded in U:
U +/-
0 -
1 +
+

Specifies the index register is added to the base register.

<Rm>

Is the general-purpose index register, encoded in the "Rm" field.

<shift>

The shift to apply to the value read from <Rm>. If absent, no shift is applied. Otherwise, see Shifts applied to a register.

<imm>

If present, the size of the left shift to apply to the value from <Rm>, in the range 1-3. <imm> is encoded in imm2. If absent, no shift is specified and imm2 is encoded as 0b00.

Operation

if CurrentInstrSet() == InstrSet_A32 then
    if ConditionPassed() then
        EncodingSpecificOperations();
        offset = Shift(R[m], shift_t, shift_n, PSTATE.C);
        offset_addr = if add then (R[n] + offset) else (R[n] - offset);
        address = if index then offset_addr else R[n];
        data = MemU[address,4];
        if wback then R[n] = offset_addr;
        if t == 15 then
            if address<1:0> == '00' then
                LoadWritePC(data);
            else
                UNPREDICTABLE;
        else
            R[t] = data;
else
    if ConditionPassed() then
        EncodingSpecificOperations();
        offset = Shift(R[m], shift_t, shift_n, PSTATE.C);
        offset_addr = (R[n] + offset);
        address = offset_addr;
        data = MemU[address,4];
        if t == 15 then
            if address<1:0> == '00' then
                LoadWritePC(data);
            else
                UNPREDICTABLE;
        else
            R[t] = data;

Operational information

If CPSR.DIT is 1, the timing of this instruction is insensitive to the value of the data being loaded or stored.

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