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SUB, SUBS (immediate)

Subtract (immediate) subtracts an immediate value from a register value, and writes the result to the destination register.

If the destination register is not the PC, the SUBS variant of the instruction updates the condition flags based on the result.

The field descriptions for <Rd> identify the encodings where the PC is permitted as the destination register. If the destination register is the PC:

  • The SUB variant of the instruction is an interworking branch, see Pseudocode description of operations on the AArch32 general-purpose registers and the PC.
  • The SUBS variant of the instruction performs an exception return without the use of the stack. In this case:
    • The PE branches to the address written to the PC, and restores PSTATE from SPSR_<current_mode>.
    • The PE checks SPSR_<current_mode> for an illegal return event. See Illegal return events from AArch32 state.
    • The instruction is undefined in Hyp mode, except for encoding T5 with <imm8> set to zero, which is the encoding for the ERET instruction, see ERET.
    • The instruction is constrained unpredictable in User mode and System mode.

It has encodings from the following instruction sets: A32 ( A1 ) and T32 ( T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 ) .

A1

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
!= 11110010010SRnRdimm12
cond

SUB (S == 0 && Rn != 11x1)

SUB{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const>

SUBS (S == 1 && Rn != 1101)

SUBS{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const>

if Rn == '1111' && S == '0' then SEE "ADR";
if Rn == '1101' then SEE "SUB (SP minus immediate)";
d = UInt(Rd);  n = UInt(Rn);  setflags = (S == '1');  imm32 = A32ExpandImm(imm12);

T1

1514131211109876543210
0001111imm3RnRd

T1

SUB<c>{<q>} <Rd>, <Rn>, #<imm3> // (Inside IT block)

SUBS{<q>} <Rd>, <Rn>, #<imm3> // (Outside IT block) 

d = UInt(Rd);  n = UInt(Rn);  setflags = !InITBlock();  imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm3, 32);

T2

1514131211109876543210
00111Rdnimm8

T2

SUB<c>{<q>} <Rdn>, #<imm8> // (Inside IT block, and <Rdn>, <imm8> can be represented in T1)

SUB<c>{<q>} {<Rdn>,} <Rdn>, #<imm8> // (Inside IT block, and <Rdn>, <imm8> cannot be represented in T1)

SUBS{<q>} <Rdn>, #<imm8> // (Outside IT block, and <Rdn>, <imm8> can be represented in T1)

SUBS{<q>} {<Rdn>,} <Rdn>, #<imm8> // (Outside IT block, and <Rdn>, <imm8> cannot be represented in T1) 

d = UInt(Rdn);  n = UInt(Rdn);  setflags = !InITBlock();  imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm8, 32);

T3

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
11110i01101S!= 11010imm3Rdimm8
Rn

SUB (S == 0)

SUB<c>.W {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const> // (Inside IT block, and <Rd>, <Rn>, <const> can be represented in T1 or T2)

SUB{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const>

SUBS (S == 1 && Rd != 1111)

SUBS.W {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const> // (Outside IT block, and <Rd>, <Rn>, <const> can be represented in T1 or T2)

SUBS{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<const>

if Rd == '1111' && S == '1' then SEE "CMP (immediate)";
if Rn == '1101' then SEE "SUB (SP minus immediate)";
d = UInt(Rd);  n = UInt(Rn);  setflags = (S == '1');  imm32 = T32ExpandImm(i:imm3:imm8);
if (d == 15 && !setflags) || n == 15 then UNPREDICTABLE; // Armv8-A removes UNPREDICTABLE for R13

T4

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
11110i101010!= 11x10imm3Rdimm8
Rn

T4

SUB{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<imm12> // (<imm12> cannot be represented in T1, T2, or T3)

SUBW{<c>}{<q>} {<Rd>,} <Rn>, #<imm12> // (<imm12> can be represented in T1, T2, or T3) 

if Rn == '1111' then SEE "ADR";
if Rn == '1101' then SEE "SUB (SP minus immediate)";
d = UInt(Rd);  n = UInt(Rn);  setflags = FALSE;  imm32 = ZeroExtend(i:imm3:imm8, 32);
if d == 15 then UNPREDICTABLE; // Armv8-A removes UNPREDICTABLE for R13

T5

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
111100111101(1)(1)(1)(0)10(0)0(1)(1)(1)(1)!= 00000000
Rnimm8

T5

SUBS{<c>}{<q>} PC, LR, #<imm8>

if Rn == '1110' && IsZero(imm8) then SEE "ERET";
d = 15;  n = UInt(Rn);  setflags = TRUE;  imm32 = ZeroExtend(imm8, 32);
if n != 14 then UNPREDICTABLE;
if InITBlock() && !LastInITBlock() then UNPREDICTABLE;

For more information about the constrained unpredictable behavior of this instruction, see Architectural Constraints on UNPREDICTABLE behaviors, and particularly SUBS PC. LR and related instructions (A32) and SUBS PC, LR and related instructions (T32).

Assembler Symbols

<c>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<q>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<Rdn>

Is the general-purpose source and destination register, encoded in the "Rdn" field.

<imm8>

For encoding T2: is a 8-bit unsigned immediate, in the range 0 to 255, encoded in the "imm8" field.

For encoding T5: is a 8-bit unsigned immediate, in the range 0 to 255, encoded in the "imm8" field. If <Rn> is the LR, and zero is used, see ERET.

<Rd>

For encoding A1: is the general-purpose destination register, encoded in the "Rd" field. If omitted, this register is the same as <Rn>. If the PC is used:

For encoding T1, T3 and T4: is the general-purpose destination register, encoded in the "Rd" field. If omitted, this register is the same as <Rn>.

<Rn>

For encoding A1 and T4: is the general-purpose source register, encoded in the "Rn" field. If the SP is used, see SUB (SP minus immediate). If the PC is used, see ADR.

For encoding T1: is the general-purpose source register, encoded in the "Rn" field.

For encoding T3: is the general-purpose source register, encoded in the "Rn" field. If the SP is used, see SUB (SP minus immediate).

<imm3>

Is a 3-bit unsigned immediate, in the range 0 to 7, encoded in the "imm3" field.

<imm12>

Is a 12-bit unsigned immediate, in the range 0 to 4095, encoded in the "i:imm3:imm8" field.

<const>

For encoding A1: an immediate value. See Modified immediate constants in A32 instructions for the range of values.

For encoding T3: an immediate value. See Modified immediate constants in T32 instructions for the range of values.

In the T32 instruction set, MOVS{<c>}{<q>} PC, LR is a pseudo-instruction for SUBS{<c>}{<q>} PC, LR, #0.

Operation

if ConditionPassed() then
    EncodingSpecificOperations();
    (result, nzcv) = AddWithCarry(R[n], NOT(imm32), '1');
    if d == 15 then
        if setflags then
            ALUExceptionReturn(result);
        else
            ALUWritePC(result);
    else
        R[d] = result;
        if setflags then
            PSTATE.<N,Z,C,V> = nzcv;

Operational information

If CPSR.DIT is 1 and this instruction does not use R15 as either its source or destination:

  • The execution time of this instruction is independent of:
    • The values of the data supplied in any of its registers.
    • The values of the NZCV flags.
  • The response of this instruction to asynchronous exceptions does not vary based on:
    • The values of the data supplied in any of its registers.
    • The values of the NZCV flags.
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